Fabrication of a Dual-Purpose Implant Surgical Guide.

While surgical guides have allowed for more highly accurate immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone, only a few techniques have been described to predictably position an immediate implant provisional. Even fewer techniques have addressed repositioning a patient's extracted tooth for use as the interim implant restoration. This article describes a workflow for the fabrication of a dual-purpose surgical guide that allows for guidance of implant placement as well as repositioning of a decoronated tooth that will serve as a provisional. While other provisional techniques aim to recreate proper gingival contour, the benefit of repositioning of the original tooth is the preservation of the existing gingival margin position and existing critical contour of the emergence profile.

A Simple Technique to Create Accurate, Esthetic Immediate Implant Provisional Restorations: Hurricane Anti-rotation Wing.

Inserting a presurgically fabricated provisional restoration at the time of implant placement can be problematic if and when the provisional does not fit. The 3-dimensional position of the implant in the mouth typically is not as critical as the long-axis rotational orientation of the implant, which is known as "timing." During implant placement, it is often desirable to have one of the implant's internal hexagon flats in a specific rotational position (ie, timing) that enables the use of orientation-specific hexed abutments. Achieving timing with a high level of accuracy, however, is challenging. This article presents a proposed solution to this dilemma that eliminates any concern for implant timing during surgery by transferring the anti-rotation control from the implant's internal hex to the provisional restoration itself via the use of anti-rotational wing(s).

Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Prosthesis Veneered With Composite Resin for 4 Implant-Supported Fixed Provisional and Definitive Restorations.

This technical note describes the fabrication and benefits of fiberglass-reinforced hybrid prosthesis veneered with composite resin for 4 implant-supported fixed professional and final restorations. The described prosthesis reduces rehabilitation time, minimizes impression problems, and ensures a passive fit of professional restoration. The prosthesis provides immediate rehabilitation of 4 implants with ease of adjustments and repair during the entire provisional phase. Moreover, it can be easily converted to final restoration with minimal modifications, excellent esthetic results, and reduced costs.

Percepción de estudiantes respecto al recambio de restauraciones / Students' perception regarding the replacement of restorations

Introducción: El reemplazo de restauraciones defectuosas representa la mayor parte de la práctica del odontólogo, lo que lleva a una perdida mayor del remanente dentario ante cada reemplazo. Objetivo: Determinar si existe variación del criterio clínico en alumnos frente a la decisión de recambio en restauraciones de resina compuesta previo y posterior al reacondicionamiento. Material y Métodos: Estudio analítico transversal. Se contó con una muestra de 40 estudiantes de quinto año de un universo de 72. Se utilizó un set fotográfico, que contaba con restauraciones defectuosas, en uno o más parámetros según los criterios RYGE/USPHS, las cuales posteriormente se reacondicionaron, por lo que se contaba con las fotografías del antes y del después del tratamiento conservador. Se realizó una encuesta a partir de las fotografías mostradas en la cual debían indicar la elección de tratamiento. Resultados: Se observó que hay una gran variación de elección de tratamiento previo a ser reparadas con tratamientos conservadores: 38 por ciento y no conservador de 62 por ciento y frente a la misma restauración de resina posterior a haber sido intervenida la elección de tratamiento conservador fue de 83 por ciento y no conservador 17 por ciento. Mediante el Test de McNemar se obtuvo un p<0.0001 entre elección de tratamiento conservador por sobre el no conservador posterior a haber sido realizada el reacondicionamiento de la restauración. Conclusiones: Existe un cambio en la percepción sobre la indicación de tratamiento de restauraciones defectuosas, a favor de una alternativa conservadora, después de que han sido intervenidas con procedimientos mínimamente invasivos(AU)

Introduction: The replacement of defective restorations, which leads to a greater loss of the dental remnant before each replacement, represents the large majority of the dentist's practice. Objective: To determine if there is any variation in students´ clinical criterion in relation to the decision of replacement of composite resin restorations prior to and following reconditioning. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted. The sample was composed of 40 fifth-year students in a universe of 72. A set of photographs showing defective restorations in one or more parameters evaluated according to RYGE / USPHS criteria was used. They were later reconditioned, so there were photographs prior to and following conservative treatment. Based on the photographs shown, a survey in which they had to indicate the choice of treatment was performed. Results: We observed that there is a great variation in the choice of treatment prior to the repair with conservative treatments (38 percent) and non-conservative ones (62 percent), compared to the same resin restoration after the choice of conservative treatment (83 percent) and non-conservative one (17 percent). Using the McNemar Test, p<0.0001 was obtained between the choice of conservative treatment over the non-conservative one after the restoration reconditioning had been performed. Conclusions: There is a change in perception of the indication of treatment to repair defective restorations towards a conservative alternative after they have undergone minimally invasive procedures(AU)

High-viscosity glass-ionomer vs. composite resin restorations in persons with disability: Five-year follow-up of clinical trial.

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the 5-year cumulative survival of atraumatic restorative treatment restorations using high-viscosity glass-ionomer restorations (ART/HVGIC) and conventional resin composite restorations (CRT) placed in patients with intellectual and/or physical disability. Patients referred for restorative care to a special care service in Córdoba, Argentina, were recruited. Patients and/or caregivers were provided with written and verbal information regarding treatment options and selected the alternative they preferred. The treatment protocols were ART (hand instruments/HVGIC) in the clinic or CRT (rotary instrumentation/resin composite) in the clinic or under general anaesthesia (GA). Two independent, trained and calibrated examiners evaluated restoration survival using established ART codes after 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 months. The proportional hazard model with frailty corrections provided survival estimates. Jackknife errors were used to test 5-year results. Sixty-six patients (13.6 ± 7.8 years) with 16 different medical conditions participated. CRT in the clinic proved feasible for five patients (13%), and 14 patients received CRT under GA (21%). ART was provided for 47 patients (71.2%). A total number of 298 dentine carious lesions were restored in primary and permanent teeth (182 ART; 116 CRT). Four patients died between the 3 and 5-year follow up. Percentage survival and jackknife standard error were calculated and were significantly higher for all ART/HVGIC restorations (90.2% ± 2.6) than for all CRT restorations (82.8% ± 5.3), 5 years after placement (p=0.044). These 5-year follow-up results confirm that ART/HVGIC is an effective treatment protocol for patients with disability, equal to that of conventional resin composite restoration. The results of this clinical trial support the use of ART as an evidence-based treatment resource contributing to the reduction of inequalities in access to oral health care among people with disability.

Soft tissue augmentation at immediate implants using a novel xenogeneic collagen matrix in conjunction with immediate provisional restorations: A prospective case series.

BACKGROUND: Collagen matrices used around immediate implants may reduce morbidity although there is limited evidence on their performance. PURPOSE: To evaluate soft and hard tissue changes when combining immediate implants, hard and soft tissue grafting, and an immediate provisional restoration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 12 patients, immediate implants were placed in the anterior maxillary and first premolar area together with a xenogeneic bone substitute. Then a xenogeneic collagen matrix was placed under the buccal mucosal margin with an immediate provisional restoration. Study casts and clinical measurements were taken before extraction (Baseline/BS) at 6 months (6M) and 12 months (1Y) after implant placement. Files from the scanned casts were matched to calculate the linear and volumetric changes at the buccal tissues. Cone Bean Computed Tomographies (CBCTs) were taken prior to extraction and at 6M. The superimposed DICOM files allowed for assessing hard tissue changes and the superimposition of DICOM and STL files allowed for evaluating of soft tissue thickness at BS and 6M. RESULTS: After 6 months, the horizontal tissue contours decreased 0.66 ± 0.57 mm, concomitant with a horizontal bone loss of 1.31 ± 1.32 mm, measured 1 mm below the most coronal aspect of the ridge. In contrast, the soft tissue thickness, 1 mm below the gingival margin, increased 0.75 ± 1.12 mm. At 1-year, tissue contours had decreased 1.01 ± 0.67 mm compared to BS reaching statistical significance. The mean volume loss after 1Y was 20.43 ± 11.70 mm3 while the mean mucosal margin recession was 0.86 ± 0.67 mm. These changes had a limited clinical impact as the PES Scores remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: The tested protocol resulted in a significant reduction of the tissue contours and osseous ridge dimensions that was partially compensated by a non-significant increase in soft tissue thickness.

Effects of modifying implant screw access channels on the amount of extruded excess cement and retention of cement-retained implant-supported dental prostheses: A systematic review.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Cement-retained implant-supported prostheses eliminate screw loosening and enhance esthetics. However, retrievability and the possibility of removing extruded excess cement (EEC) have been problematic. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of modifying the screw access channel (SAC) on the amount of EEC and the retention of cement-retained implant-supported prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched with appropriate key words. Related titles and abstracts published up to June 2017 were screened and selected on the basis of defined inclusion criteria. Full texts of all studies were read and subjected to quality assessments. After the initial search, 1521 articles were included in the study. Of these, 11 studies were subjected to critical appraisal, and 10 of them were reliable enough in methodology to be systemically reviewed. RESULTS: All the studies were in vitro and described a total of 260 specimens. According to the interpreted results, closed SACs caused lower retention with a higher amount of EEC, whereas open SACs caused the reverse. Also, as the abutment height decreased, retention decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Extending the crown's margin into the SAC, leaving the SAC open, and using internal vents in the SAC space are possible methods of modifying the SAC to gain higher retentive values. Also, the use of internal vents in the SAC system and open or partially filled SAC space reduce the amount of EEC.

Development and characterization of a novel bulk-fill elastomeric temporary restorative composite

Abstract Objectives: This study investigated the physical and mechanical properties, antibacterial effect and biocompatibility of novel elastomeric temporary resin-based filling materials (TFMs) containing zinc methacrylate (ZM). Material and Methods: Experimental TFMs were prepared by mixing the zinc methacrylate with monomer, co-monomer, photoinitiator and fillers. A ZM concentration of 0 (control), 0.5% (Z0.5); 1% (Z1), 2% (Z2), or 5% (ZM5) wt% was added to the TFMs. Fermit-N (F) was used for comparison with the experimental material. Microleakage, water sorption/solubility, degree of conversion, depth of cure, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness were determined and compared. A modified direct contact test (DCT) with Enterococcus faecalis and a Streptococcus mutans' biofilm accumulation assay was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of the assay. Statistical comparisons were performed (α=5%). Results: The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the experimental TFMs with ZM are comparable with the properties of the commercial reference and some properties were improved, such as lower microleakage and water sorption, and higher ultimate tensile strength values. TFMs with ZM killed E. faecalis only after 1 h. Biofilm development of S. mutans was not affected by the inclusion of ZM in the experimental TFMs. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that the physical, mechanical and biological properties of the experimental TFMs with ZM are comparable with the properties of the commercial reference. However, some properties were improved, such as lower microleakage and water sorption, and higher ultimate tensile strength values.

Development and characterization of a novel bulk-fill elastomeric temporary restorative composite.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the physical and mechanical properties, antibacterial effect and biocompatibility of novel elastomeric temporary resin-based filling materials (TFMs) containing zinc methacrylate (ZM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental TFMs were prepared by mixing the zinc methacrylate with monomer, co-monomer, photoinitiator and fillers. A ZM concentration of 0 (control), 0.5% (Z0.5); 1% (Z1), 2% (Z2), or 5% (ZM5) wt% was added to the TFMs. Fermit-N (F) was used for comparison with the experimental material. Microleakage, water sorption/solubility, degree of conversion, depth of cure, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness were determined and compared. A modified direct contact test (DCT) with Enterococcus faecalis and a Streptococcus mutans' biofilm accumulation assay was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of the assay. Statistical comparisons were performed (α=5%). RESULTS: The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the experimental TFMs with ZM are comparable with the properties of the commercial reference and some properties were improved, such as lower microleakage and water sorption, and higher ultimate tensile strength values. TFMs with ZM killed E. faecalis only after 1 h. Biofilm development of S. mutans was not affected by the inclusion of ZM in the experimental TFMs. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that the physical, mechanical and biological properties of the experimental TFMs with ZM are comparable with the properties of the commercial reference. However, some properties were improved, such as lower microleakage and water sorption, and higher ultimate tensile strength values.

Influence of soft tissue grafting, orofacial implant position, and angulation on facial hard and soft tissue thickness at immediately inserted and provisionalized implants in the anterior maxilla.

BACKGROUND: Resorption of hard and soft tissues following immediate implant insertion is frequently reported. Data regarding the influencing factors on facial tissue thickness are rare. PURPOSE: This retrospective study investigated the impact of connective tissue grafting, the orofacial angulation and position of immediately inserted and provisionalized implants on the facial hard and soft tissue thickness in the anterior maxilla within a 1- to 5-year follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Implants with the prerequisite of having preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a follow-up of 1 to 5 years were included. Facial bone deficiencies were grafted flaplessly with autogenous bone in all sites. In a subgroup of implants additional connective tissue grafting was performed, whereas the remaining implants were not grafted with soft tissue. The orofacial tooth and implant angulation, the change of horizontal position and the facial bone thickness were measured by CBCT, the facial mucosa thickness by an ultrasonic device. RESULTS: In total, 76 implants were placed in 55 patients. Sixty-nine sites showed a facial bone defect. Thirty-eight received a connective tissue graft additionally. All implants were still in function after a mean follow-up of 36 months. The mean thickness of the facial mucosa was 1.72 mm at 1 mm, 1.63 mm at 4 mm, 1.52 mm at 6 mm, and 1.66 mm at 9 mm apically to mucosal margin. The bone thickness was 0.02, 0.25, and 0.36 mm initially and 1.32, 1.26, and 1.11 mm finally at 1, 3, and 6 mm apically to implant shoulder level. Mixed model analysis revealed an impact of the preoperative bone status on the facial bone increase. The facial soft tissue thickness was significantly influenced by the gingival biotype. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that an initial severe hard tissue defect allows for significant bone regeneration. The facial soft tissue thickness is primarily influenced by the gingival biotype.

Changes in Peri-implant Soft Tissue Thickness with Bone Grafting and Dermis Allograft: A Case Series of 15 Consecutive Patients.

Immediate implant placement and provisional restoration has become a popular and well-supported method of tooth replacement in the maxillary anterior dentition. Aside from achieving osseointegration, esthetic demands have grown with better understanding of the behavior of hard and soft tissues following this mode to therapy. Stability of gingival contours, texture of the surrounding tissues, and blending of prosthetic components with the natural dentition are critical for successful outcomes to be maintained long-term. Increasing soft tissue thickness at the time of therapy plays an important role in this regard. A technique combining the proven principles of immediate implant placement and provisional restoration with hard and soft tissue augmentation using nonautogenous materials is demonstrated with comparisons to nongrafted, temporized historical controls.

Evaluation of physical-mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and cytotoxicity of temporary restorative materials.

The objective of this study was to compare selective physical-mechanical properties, antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity of seven temporary restorative materials (TRM): five resin-based materials [Bioplic (B), Fill Magic Tempo (FM), Fermit inlay (F), Luxatemp LC (L) and Revotek LC (R)], and zinc oxide-eugenol cement (IRM) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) as the controls. Material and methods The physical-mechanical properties were evaluated by determining microleakage (ML), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Shore D hardness (SDH). In addition, the polymerization rate (Pr-1), depth of cure (DC), water sorption and solubility (WS/SL) were evaluated. The antimicrobial effects of the materials were assessed by biofilm accumulation of Streptococcus mutans (BT) and the direct contact test (DCT) by exposure to Enterococcus faecalis for 1 and 24 h, and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The data were analyzed by ANOVA or Kruskall-Wallis tests, and a complementary post-hoc method (p<0.05). Results Group B, followed by FM and GIC had significantly lower percentages of microleakage in comparison with the other groups; Groups FM and L showed the highest WS, while Groups R and FM showed the significantly lowest SL values (p<0.05). Group R showed the statistically highest UTS mean and the lowest DC mean among all groups. Group F showed the lowest S. mutans biofilm accumulation (p=0.023). Only the Group L showed continued effect against E. faecalis after 1 h and 24 h in DCT. The L showed statistically lower viability cell when compared to the other groups. Conclusions These findings suggest the antibacterial effect of the temporary materials Fill Magic and Bioplic against S. mutans, while Luxatemp showed in vitro inhibition of S. mutans biofilm accumulation and E. faecalis growth. Regarding the cell viability test, Luxatemp was the most cytotoxic and Fill Magic was shown to be the least cytotoxic.

A technique to record the gingival configuration of an interim implant-supported fixed partial denture.

Transferring the soft tissue around an interim implant-supported fixed partial denture to the definitive cast is difficult. A technique that can accurately record the soft tissue configuration when making an impression for an implant-supported fixed partial denture is described.

Simplified Protocol for Relining Provisional Prosthesis on Natural Abutments: A Technical Note.

This article describes a simplified technique for relining provisional prostheses on natural abutments that can be applied to this specific type of tooth preparation with feather-edge finish line. Starting from a diagnostic wax-up, a provisional fixed restoration is constructed, containing all the correct structural information. This includes the controlled depth of the prosthetic margin into the gingival sulcus, the emergence profile, and the area from the emergence profile to the gingival third. Chair time is saved during the clinical procedures because the finishing and polishing steps are shortened, and the resulting provisional restoration is precise and highly biocompatible. This technique allows for a simple and quick relining and finishing procedure and for the delivery of an esthetic and biocompatible provisional restoration.

Evaluation of physical-mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and cytotoxicity of temporary restorative materials

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare selective physical-mechanical properties, antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity of seven temporary restorative materials (TRM): five resin-based materials [Bioplic (B), Fill Magic Tempo (FM), Fermit inlay (F), Luxatemp LC (L) and Revotek LC (R)], and zinc oxide-eugenol cement (IRM) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) as the controls. Material and methods The physical-mechanical properties were evaluated by determining microleakage (ML), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Shore D hardness (SDH). In addition, the polymerization rate (Pr-1), depth of cure (DC), water sorption and solubility (WS/SL) were evaluated. The antimicrobial effects of the materials were assessed by biofilm accumulation of Streptococcus mutans (BT) and the direct contact test (DCT) by exposure to Enterococcus faecalis for 1 and 24 h, and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The data were analyzed by ANOVA or Kruskall-Wallis tests, and a complementary post-hoc method (p<0.05). Results Group B, followed by FM and GIC had significantly lower percentages of microleakage in comparison with the other groups; Groups FM and L showed the highest WS, while Groups R and FM showed the significantly lowest SL values (p<0.05). Group R showed the statistically highest UTS mean and the lowest DC mean among all groups. Group F showed the lowest S. mutans biofilm accumulation (p=0.023). Only the Group L showed continued effect against E. faecalis after 1 h and 24 h in DCT. The L showed statistically lower viability cell when compared to the other groups. Conclusions These findings suggest the antibacterial effect of the temporary materials Fill Magic and Bioplic against S. mutans, while Luxatemp showed in vitro inhibition of S. mutans biofilm accumulation and E. faecalis growth. Regarding the cell viability test, Luxatemp was the most cytotoxic and Fill Magic was shown to be the least cytotoxic.

Manejo estético de los tejidos en implantes postextracción en el sector anterior. A propósito de un caso clínico / Aesthetic management of tissues in postextraction implants in the anterior sector. A clinical case report

La excelencia estética en los implantes del sector anterior sigue siendo un reto para los profesionales, además de una exigencia de nuestros pacientes. Para ello, un correcto diagnóstico y la utilización de técnicas para la preservación de los tejidos duros y blandos, una extracción meticulosa, el mantenimiento de los perfiles de emergencia mediante el uso de injertos de tejido conectivo y provisionales inmediatos, son fundamentales para conseguir una estética adecuada y la armonía de los tejidos periimplantarios. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 57 años que refiere haber sufrido un traumatismo en el incisivo central superior izquierdo. El examen clínico y radiológico reveló una fractura horizontal a nivel del tercio coronal de la raíz sin pérdida ósea. Por lo que se planificó la colocación de un implante postextracción. Para la preservación de los tejidos se realizó un relleno con un sustituto óseo, un injerto de tejido conectivo del paladar tunelizado por vestibular y para el mantenimiento de la arquitectura gingival se llevó a cabo una provisionalización inmediata con su propia corona (AU)

Aesthetics excellency outcomes in anterior sector implants still is a challenge for professionals and is also the patient requirement. To ensure this, a correct diagnostic, the use of techniques to preserve the soft and hard tissues, a meticulous extraction, the use of connective tissues graft to maintain the emergence profiles and use immediate provisionalization are essential to keep the esthetics armory of periimplant tissues. In a presented case of a 57 year old woman, with an upper central incisor injury, the clinical and radiological examinations show a horizontal fracture in the upper third without any bone lost. An immediate implant was planned, bone substitute was used to tissue preservation, and a tunneling technique with a connective tissue graft taken from palatal. her own crown was use to keep the gingival architecture as an immediate restoration (AU)

Clinical Performance of Heat-Cured High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer Class II Restorations in Primary Molars: A Preliminary Study.

OBJECTIVES: The present preliminary study evaluated the clinical and radiographic performances of heat-cured high viscosity glass ionomer (HCHVGI) in class II restorations of primary molars. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study on a cohort of patients who had dental caries restored at a private practice was conducted. Restorations were evaluated radiographically and photographically by two separate examiners. RESULTS: Ninety-three Class II restorations in 44 patients (average age: 108 months ± 25.3, 24 males, 20 females) were examined. Average recall time was 22.2 months ± 4.2. All but three restorations (96.8%) were present and intact, with no incidents of secondary caries. Three additional restorations had occlusal defects that required retreatment, resulting in an overall success rate of 93.5%. Ninety-seven percent of the restorations were rated optimal for marginal integrity with no staining of the restoration surfaces. No patients complained of post-operative sensitivity. The most common flaw found was a concavity on the proximal wall of the cavity box (27%, mean age 16 months ± 3.9). CONCLUSION: The findings in this preliminary study suggest that heat cured high viscosity glass ionomer cement may be an effective restorative material for Class II restorations in primary molars that are a year or two from shedding.

Success of Dental Treatments under Behavior Management, Sedation and General Anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To present comparative study aims to assist the practitioner to choose between behavior modification (BM) techniques, pharmacologic sedation (N2O-O2 alone or combined with midazolam 0.5 mg/ kg) or routine general anesthesia (GA) for the most successful approach in enabling pediatric dental care. STUDY DESIGN: Dental records of 56 children treated in a university dental clinic between 2006-2016 were reviewed, and data on age, gender, required treatment (amalgam restorations, composite restorations, pulpotomy, and stainless steel crowns [SSC]), treatment approaches and therapeutic success at final follow-up were retrieved. RESULTS: Treatment under GA had the best success rates compared to both BM and pharmacologic sedation. N2O-O2 alone had a 6.1-fold greater risk of failure compared to N2O-O2+midazolam (p- <0.008). Amalgam restorations had a 2.61-fold greater risk of failure than SSC (p- <0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The GA mode yielded significantly greater success than the N2O-O2 mode alone. There were no significant differences in success rates between GA and combined midazolam 0.5 mg/kg+N2O-O2. When choosing restoration material, it is important to remember the high success rate of SSC compared to amalgam restoration.

A digital technique for replicating peri-implant soft tissue contours and the emergence profile.

A digital technique is presented that records peri-implant soft tissue contours and the emergence profile. The architecture of interim restorations and adjacent teeth, the position of the implant, and the emergence profile of interim prostheses are scanned and registered to design a zirconia frame and to form a digital cast.